EC coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EC coursework - Essay Example It does not therefore implement the directive. Anil works as an electrician for North West Electricity PLC, a privatized utilities company. His wife is expecting a baby in May 2006. In February 2006 he applied for paternity leave and was refused on the grounds that his contract does not provide for it. Unlike EC regulation which is binding in its entirety and directly applicable to all member-states of the European Union1, a directive is binding only as to the result to be achieved2 and upon the member-state to which it is addressed. It also leaves to the national authorities the choice of form and methods by which to implement the said directive. Relevant to this problem is the question of direct effect of the subject directive without the need for it to be implemented by national law. According to the doctrine, Community law creates rights in favour of individuals, which the national courts are duty bound to protect.3 Stated otherwise, direct effect refers to the principle whereby certain provisions of Community law may confer rights or impose obligations on individuals that national courts are bound to recognize and enforce. ... without need of national implementing legislation.6 The period for implementation of the directive has already expired, as stated in the given facts. As counsel for Anil, I would advise him to initiate proceedings against his employer North West Electricity PLC in the proper forum and against the State, if the first action is denied. Re: Brian I would advise Brian to make his application with his employer, Quickfoods Ltd and if denied pursue the same actions as Anil would be taking in his case. Before denial, Brian would have no locus standi to file the necessary action in national courts. Re: Anil (and Brian if his application is denied) Because Anil has already been denied, I will rely on the cases of Becker7, Marshall8 and Ratti9, which allowed the filing of proceedings against member-states relying on individual rights conferred by directives and file the proper action to ask the national court and/or the European court to exercise the duty of consistent interpretation "so far as is reasonably possible" expounded in Marleasing10. In our case, we will endeavour to convince the national and/or the European court(s) that the case involves the issue of vertical direct effect and not horizontal direct effect if seen solely from the point of view of compelling the clients' private employers to grant the paternity rights granted under the directive instead of the existing statutes. My advice will be bolstered by the concept of standing in national law. National courts of first instance would only grant standing where a specific individual right has been identified and violated. The first action will be filed with the Court of First Instance. If the national court of first instance exercises jurisdiction over the case but denies the reliefs prayed for, I would

The Impact of Globalization to Manufacturing Field Essay - 20

The Impact of Globalization to Manufacturing Field - Essay Example Here the goals of helping to think ‘achievable’ as ‘possible’ and ‘realistic’ as ‘probable’. Working through the realistic criteria identifies the tension between the current state and desired state. Moreover, the organizations which aim for the globalization of manufacturing should have an aggressive expansion strategy and wants to fund this expansion debt free by freeing up capital tied up in other assets. The definition of globalization itself manifests its impact on the manufacturing logistics. To most economists,’ globalization’ means the closer integration of economies via trade and factor flows. But this permits many interpretations of how this can be measured. Economic geographers define the globalization as the shifts in the location of economic activity subsequent to shrinking economic distance. On the other hand, the critics take the view on globalization to be synonymous with capitalism, big business, and m ultinational corporations. (Crafts and Venables (2001, p. 2)(3) 2. Crafts, N. and Venables, A. J. (2001) ‘Globalization in history: a Geographical perspective’, London School of Economics, paper prepared for the NBER conference on ‘Globalization in economic perspective’. interactions in each economy between the external facets of globalization like e.g. shrinking economic distance, greater trade or the spread of international production that apply to the economy and internal factors that affect its employment response. The major impact of globalization as follows. 1. Globalization causes to manufacturing companies the converging of product prices between exporting and importing countries, a good indirect measure of economic distance between economies.  Ã‚  

Multicultural Education by Keith Wilson Essay Example for Free

Multicultural Education by Keith Wilson Essay Multicultural education relates to education and instruction designed for the cultures of several different races in an educational system. This approach to teaching and learning is based upon consensus building, respect, and fostering cultural pluralism within racial societies. Multicultural education acknowledges and incorporates positive racial idiosyncrasies into classroom atmospheres. Pros of Multicultural Education A significant demographic transformation is on the horizon for the United States of America. Bennett (1995) estimates that by the year 2000, over 30 percent of our school age population will be children of color (p. 18). Additionally, research has indicated that ethnic minority students are disproportionately poor, dropping out of school, being suspended or expelled, and achieving far below their potential relative to the ethnic majority (Bennett, 1995). Consequently, teachers must prepare themselves and their children for the ever changing challenge of interacting and communicating with diverse races. Reduction of fear, ignorance, and personal detachment are possible benefits to a Multicultural education. The following excerpts are taken from Paul Gorski (1995), a University of Virginia Doctoral student during a case study interview: The idea of political correctness with the black race astounds me. I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class prefer to be called African American. In all of my classes I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to not offend the blacks in my class. I am honestly glad it is not that big of an issue to my fellow classmatesit promotes a more comfortable, genuine environment for me to be totally honest and carefree. Initially, the student interviewed in the case study reflected an attitude that would probably not facilitate consensus building, respect for other cultures, or fostering of cultural pluralism within different racial communities and in the classroom. However, with integrated curriculum, social activities, administrative support, and staff training, fear, ignorance, and personal detachment may be notably reduced in both students and teachers. Benefits to multicultural education can help to eliminate the crux of stereotyping, prejudice, racism, and bigotry (Fear, Ignorance, dis-ownership). Case study analyzed: 1. fear: I have felt like I was stepping on egg shells as to not offend blacks in my classes 2. ignorance: I found it extremely interesting that some blacks in our class prefer to be called African American. 3. dis-ownership: I am honestly glad it is not that big of an issue to my fellow classmates. The writer agrees with Hilliard and Pine (1990), if Americans are to embrace diversity, the conscious and unconscious expressions of racism (sexism) within our society must be identified and done away with (p. ). Multicultural education is the potential catalyst to bring all races together in harmony. Cons of Multicultural Education According to some views, if one wants to alienate and further fragment the communication and rapport between ethnic groups, implement multicultural education. As stated by Bennett (1995), to dwell on cultural differences is to foster negative prejudices and stereotypes, and that is human nature to view those who are different as inferior (p. 29). Thus, multicultural education will enhance feelings of being atypical. Schools in America may see multicultural education as a way to color blind their students to differences. Administrators may view the color blind approach as a gate keeper that assures equal treatment and justice for all students and as a way to facilitate compatibility and sameness of all cultures. A common statement from this line of thinking is, we are more alike than different. We should focus on the similarities and not the differences to achieve greater equanimity among the races. Ethnicity is breaking up many nations. If one looks at the former Soviet Union, India, Yugoslavia, and Ethiopia, all countries are in some type of crisis. Closer to home, one observes the divisiveness of the Rodney King and O. J. Simpson trials in our country, we can see how focusing on race and multiculturalism may lead to a further divisiveness between the races in America. Over time, multicultural education may have unplanned for and undesired consequences. For example, multicultural education rejects the historic American goals of assimilation and integration of ethnic cultures into the majority culture. Hence, the perception may result that America is a country of distinct ethnic groups, as opposed to a more traditional view of the country that involves individuals making decisions for the good of the order (Schlesinger, 1991). Multicultural education may increase the resentment encountered by students who feel that changes in school traditions, curriculum, and academic standards are not necessary to get along and respect students from ethnic minorities. Since many institutions resist change of any kind, passive resistance on the part of the administration may simulate acceptance of the tenants of Multicultural education. Of course, excepting the tenants of multicultural education should be avoided with enthusiasm and optimism. What would real Multicultural Education look like? The writer submits that multicultural education must have, as its crux, the below defining characteristics to achieve its purposes for students, teachers, parents, and administrators of the school system: a) a learning environment that supports positive interracial contact; b) a multicultural curriculum; c) positive teacher expectations; d) administrative support; and, e) teacher training workshops (Bennett, 1995). If one of the features is absent, frustration and heightened resentment may occur as backlash behaviors multiply. The effects of a positive multicultural climate may manifest in a number of ways, such as: a) diminished pockets of segregation among student body; b) less racial tension in the schools; c) increased ethnic minority retention and classroom performance; and, d) inclusion of a multicultural curriculum. In short, the multicultural educational environment should not be a microcosm of our present American society, with regard to issues of diversity and tolerance. Many factors determine a successful multicultural atmosphere, but the features as outlined above may be important indications of success. Administrative support for multicultural education is critical. How can a house stand if the foundation is fragile. Multicultural education will be as successful as commitment to it by school administrators. Regardless of the level of commitment (local, state, and/or national), programs initiated under the guise of multiculturalism must receive reinforcement from administrators who are accountable for the success of established multicultural initiatives. A key factor in any proposed multicultural initiative is curriculum development. A multicultural curriculum should be considered for several reasons: a) provides alternative points of view relative to information already taught in most educational systems; b) provides ethnic minorities with a sense of being inclusive in history, science etc. and, c) decreases stereotypes, prejudice, bigotry, and racism in America and the world. A significant demographic transformation is on the horizon for American schools. Educational institutions have been dictated too long by attitudes, values, beliefs, and value systems of one race and class of people. The future of our universe is demanding a positive change for all (Hilliard Pine, 1990).

Mental Representation Is Based On Imagery Psychology Essay

Mental Representation Is Based On Imagery Psychology Essay There is few ways of representing thoughts in our mind, in this essay, we will be discussing about how mental representation is based on imagery, and also talks about whether speech recording is necessary for reading or not. Eysenck and Keane (2000, pp. 243) argued that, A representation is any notation or sign or set of symbols that represents something to us. In general, mental imagery is the mental invention or recreation of an experience that in at least some respects resembles the experience of actually perceiving an object or an event, either in conjunction with, or in the absence of, direct sensory stimulation. Internal, mental representations consist of symbolic representations and distributed representations (Quinlan Dyson, 2008). Symbolic representations can be regarded as some well-defined symbols. Every symbol represents a particular and distinct entity, including images. Indeed, symbolic representations are comprised of analogical and propositional representations (Quinlan Dyson, 2008). Analogical representations are a variety of images, which can be visual, olfactory, auditory and so on. Although information represented by these images can be acquired from a variety of perceptual sources, the analogical representations are concrete and connected to a particular, specific sense modality instead. In contrast, the propositional representations are more discrete and abstract. Information represented by them can be acquired from any modality. This kind of propositional symbols is usually specific entities and the relationship between them is distinct as well. Propositional representations are discrete and abstract entities that stand for the ideation of the mind in any modality. Therefore, the representations can be treated as a basic language to represent various mental information. Propositional representations consist of three aspects, objects, relations and schemata (Eysenck Keane, 2000). In object concepts, each entity can be defined and characterised by its attributes and features. The definition of an object plays a crucial role in categorising things and organising memories, knowledge, concepts and mentality. Relations focus on how one object is linked to another and on the interaction between them in the propositional representations. For instance, if the relation is an action verb like hit, people should be able to determine what an agent, a recipient, and an instrument respectively are. Semantic primitives underlie a specific relation. Many psychologists took researches on examining whether semantic decomposition occurs (Eysenck Keane, 2000). In the expression that the sun melted down the ice cream, the specific objects are the sun and the ice cream, and the relationship between the two entities is represented by the predicate melt down. In this case , the mental representation is that the two entities, the sun and the ice cream, are linked together by the conceptual relation melt down. The concepts and knowledge in peoples mind which reflect the world are complexly structured. There are three relative structures, schemata, frames, and scripts. Schemata, involving a lot of concepts are commonly used by people to perceive the world. Scripts were proposed by Schank and Abelson (1977) to explain the knowledge in peoples mind of what happens every day. Also, frame was proposed by Marvin (1975; as cited in Eysenck Keane, 2000) and was widely used in visual perception. Therefore, propositional representation is a pretty crucial form of mental representation. Also, imagery is another form of mental representation, which is viewed as analogical representation. Analogical representations, especially visual images, are another essential form of mental representations. The long-time study of visual imagery can be traced back to more than two thousand years ago when Aristotle considered imagery as the main medium of thought (Eysenck Keane, 2000, pp. 258). Nowadays, the studies on imagery still continue. The essay will concentrate on three important sets of studies that illustrate the properties of imagery. In the experiment conducted by Cooper and Shepard (1973), the subjects were asked to determine whether the presented figure was the normal version or mirror-image version, compared with the standard one. The result of this experiment was that the more the test figure was rotated from the standard one, the more time the subjects would spend in making their final judgments. According to this experiment, the objects are mentally rotated in the same way that they are operated in the real and physical world. So, mental visual images have all the same attributes and features with those of actual objects in the real and physical world. However, Rock (1973) argued that the more complex the test mental images were, the more difficulty it was for subjects to make correct judgments. The second set of studies that I am going to disccuss about is on image scanning, this which represents another aspect of the nature of mental imagery. Kosslyn, Ball, and Reiser (1978) conducted a mental scanning experiment that subjects were asked to image a black dot moving from on point on the map to another. The result showed that the scanning time was linearly related to the distance between the two points (Eysenck Keane, 2000). So, images have similar spatial properties with those of objects in the real and physical world. Another set of studies about imagery is called reinterpreting images of ambiguous figures. Chambers and Reisberg (1985) showed ambiguous figures to subjects, to ask the subjects to interpret every figure in different ways. However, only if subjects had drawn the image of the figure, could they make a reinterpretation of it. The result indicates that the imagery is influenced by some propositional code, and people always ignore what is needed for reinterpretation. Therefore, imagery is also a necessary part of mental representation. Imagery actually represents the perception of the outside world in our mind and the reflection our internal mentality. Thus, imagery is an important element of mental representation, but cannot completely cover all the aspects of that. Also, mental representation is not simply based on imagery. According to Kosslyns theory of imagery, the upshot of the long-time conflict between propositions and images is that images are a distinct form of mental representations, and that images have obvious significance in functions compared with propositional representations. Propositional and analogical representations constitute the symbolic representations, as a key aspect of internal, mental representations. However, there is another form of mental representation which is called distributed representations. A distributed representation involves a simple network called a pattern associator (Eysenck Keane, 2000), with no symbols. The pattern associator represents the association between two different sets of units of an object in a network. Hinton et al (1986) proposed that the relationship between distributed representations and symbolic representations is not conflicting, but complementary. Thus, the high-level symbolic representations can be represented by lower-level distributed representations. Also, the lower-lever distributed representations are considered as fundamental part of the high-level representations. Vividly speaking, the symbolic representation is the macro-structure of mental representation, whereas the distributed representation is the micro-structure of cognitive representation. In conclusion, imagery is only an essential form of mental representation. There are also two forms called propositions and distributed representation. Instead of contradicting one another, the complementary among them is able to help people to perceive and represent the world.

The Search for a Better Reality Essay -- Comparative, Kidd, Chrouch

The Search for a Better Reality Life is not easy. It is all about surviving the storms that you will eventually have to face. As a result, sometimes people feel overwhelmed, and they try to find ways that will allow them to break away from reality. In most cases, individuals resort to escape either because they want to be relieved from all of their responsibilities, or because they are trying to avoid facing unpleasant truths or painful situations. Everyone deals with tough circumstances in a different way. For example, some folks try to avoid problems and painful facts in their lives by drinking, or even doing drugs. They know that using these substances will not solve their problems, but it will buy them some time free of stress and troubles. In addition, other people attempt to find some kind of shelter, where they can feel safe and be happy even if it is doesn’t last long. Overall, these behaviors allow individuals to escape from everything that is too hurtful, or hard for them to deal with. Everyone at some point in their lives has felt the need to escape. Take, for example Sue Monk Kidd’s novel The Secret Life of Bees or Katie Crouch’s Men and Dogs. The Secret Life of Bees is about a young girl named Lily Owens, who searches for answers to her mother’s death, while Men and Dogs talks about a now grown woman named Hannah Legare that is looking for answers to her father’s disappearance. Both of these novels focus on characters that constantly try to get away from difficult situations, or even reality itself. Also, in these works of literature, the protagonists try to escape from the truth. Yet, in contrast, they both eventually realize that facing the facts is much more liberating than avoiding them. Thus, clearly th... ... everyone’s grief in her back, which made her life unbearable. Finally, June tries to avoid getting hurt and potentially losing her freedom by declining Neil’s marriage proposals. In the same manner, Hannah’s brother in Men and dogs tries to escape from dealing with his father’s death, and the fact that he was homosexual by doing drugs (pg. 91). In conclusion, the rhetors of both The Secret Life of bees and Men and Dogs provide multiple examples of the elaborate escape mechanisms that were employed by the characters in these narratives. Through these examples, they show that avoiding problems and hurtful situations only makes people’s lives more miserable. Thus, Sue Monk Kidd and Katie Crouch want individuals to realize that accepting the truth, no matter how bitter it might be, is the only thing that will allow them to move on with their lives, and be happy.

Psychological Intervention and Schizophrenia Essay -- Disorder Schizop

Psychological Intervention and Schizophrenia There are perhaps two main prongs to the development of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an intervention for schizophrenia, the first being based upon the sizable research that centre on family interventions, which have been successful in reducing patient relapse in schizophrenic families (Pilling et al., 2002). Family interventions are important to consider as they became established treatments during a phase where drug treatments were the main focus of attention in this field and so opened the area of non biological treatment for schizophrenia. And as I will touch upon later drug therapies are frequently used to reduce psychotic symptoms and relapse but these treatments rarely provide the answer, with as many as 50% of patients suffering from persistent psychotic symptoms when adhering to pharmacological treatments (Dickerson, 2000). The other aspect that has seen CBT be considered as a treatment for schizophrenia is that it has been effective in treating a range of non-psychotic disorders both mild and more serious (e.g., Hawton, Salkovskis, Kirk, & Clark, 1989; Clark & Fairburn, 1997). The range of effective CB therapies stem from early studies where depression and anxiety disorders were the subject of interest (Beck et al., 1979; Barlow, 1988) to more serious psychotic disorders, such as bipolar disorder (Basco, Rush, 1995; Perry et al, 1999) and personality disorders (Beck et al, 1990). While the success of family intervention, a non drug related therapy, and CBT’s success in treating various disorders provide evidence for the potential of CBT in treating schizophrenia they have been developed amid a backdrop in which drug therapy has been extensively explored, but has failed to produce a whole solution to the complexities exhibited by schizophrenia sufferers. It is likely then that as an intervention for schizophrenia CBT will provide a part solution rather than an all-encompassing answer. Detailed study of patients’ experiences has led to a greater understanding of the stress suffered by patients who go on to develop coping mechanisms, which can be treated using CBT, to deal with the symptoms of their illness (Mcnally, Goldberg, 1997). The fact then that there are so many aspects to this disease means that it would be impossible to provide a comprehensive review in this paper but I will discuss... ..., Tarrier, N., Morriss, R., McCarthy, E., & Limb, K. (1999). A randomised controlled trial of teaching bipolar disorder patients to identify early symptoms of relapse and obtain early treatment. British Medical Journal, 318, 149–153. Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E., Garety, P., Geddes, J., Orbach, G. et al. (2002). Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: I. Meta-analysis of family interventions and cognitive behaviour therapy. Psychological Medicine, 32, 763–782. Sensky T., Turkington D., Kingdon D., Scott J. L., Scott J., Siddle R., O'Carroll M. & Barnes T. (2000). A randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57: 165-172 Watts FN, Powell GE, Austin SV. 1973. The modification of abnormal beliefs. British Journal of Medical Psychology 46: 359–363. Wiersma D., Jenner J. A., van de Willige G., Spakman M., Nienhuis F. J. (2001) Cognitive behaviour therapy with coping training for persistent auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: a naturalistic follow-up study of the durability of effects. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 103 (5): 393-399

Advocacy for poverty

Maya Coney Crystal Snyder Adam Smith Kyle Parker Need For Advocacy: We want to advocate for those In poverty. The world has enough food to feed everyone but food distribution Is uneven between social classes. Due to this Inequality, we have chosen different options on how to reduce this Issue. People of poverty often face problems with prejudice, Judgment, misunderstanding, and discrimination. We want to help reduce hunger In our community In the Valhalla Beach area and DOD community as well. We also want to help provide clothing to the underprivileged.All of which will help provide awareness for people experiencing poverty. Plan Development: Our group is going to participate in the spirit Friday Food Drive at ODD main campus. The event is scheduled for September 27, 2013. Students are asked to provide nonperishable goods for collection. Our group also plans to participate as a volunteer in the Food Bank of Southeastern VA on November 1 5, 2013. In addition to these two events and ac tivities, we plan to also participate in Meals and Wheels in November as well. Plan Implementation: Our group plans to create a flier.On this flier, we plan to create an event for which students at the V Higher De Center can donate nonperishable goods. After creating the flier, we plan to coordinate the donation event in accordance with the flier. In the donation event, we also plan to collect clothing for donation to local thrift stores, like Goodwill or Salvation Army. To help spread awareness, we plan to forward any school sponsored events from ODDS directed towards poverty to students that attend campus classes. Assessment of Advocacy Project: Individual/ Personal Reflections (4, 1 for each member of the group)Advocacy for poverty By tackles 82 We want to advocate for those in poverty. The world has enough food to feed everyone but food distribution is uneven between social classes. Due to this inequality, we have chosen different options on how to reduce this issue. People of d iscrimination. We want to help reduce hunger in our community in the Virginia Beach area and ODDS community as well. We also want to help provide clothing to the Our group is going to participate in the spirit Friday Food Drive at ODDS main campus. In the Food Bank of Southeastern VA on November 15, 2013.

Powering Houses Worldwide With Hydroelectricity Environmental Sciences Essay

Hydroelectricity is used as a renewable energy beginning that is viewed as a ‘green ‘ and safe option to fossil fuels and coal combustion workss. However, the environmental impact of building dikes and the after effects of edifice dike has been minimize to let hydroelectricity to look as a safe alternate resource.How Does Hydroelectricity Work?Once the dike is constructed and able to work the system itself to make hydroelectricity is comparatively simple. Water from the reservoir goes down into the consumption, so through the consumption where it so drives the turbine to power the generator. This converts gravitative possible energy into electricity since the jurisprudence of preservation of energy must be followed. The energy from the generator will so be stored in the human dynamo and when needed, will be transferred through power lines to the desired location. The Three Gorges Dam in China which is the largest dike in the universe works precisely like this but has been constructed with 26 turbines which go along the 2,335m long and 18 m high dike.Environmental ImpactWhen a reservoir is created, considerable decomposition of organic stuff occurs. Besides, O depletion in the reservoir occurs. This causes the release of nursery gases ( CHa‚„ and COa‚‚ ) to leach into our environment. The Bacterial decomposition of the organic stuff is a consequence of the after consequence of fundamental law of the dike which contributes to greenhouse gases and furthermore, planetary clime alteration. Looking at the Three Gorges Dam in China, the environmental impacts are inordinate. The dike has submerged 100s of mills, mines and waste mopess. Located merely upstream of the dike is a big industrial centre which is making a bog of sewerage, silt and industrial pollutants and waste in the reservoir. Landslides around the reservoir are caused by eroding of the reservoir itself. Not merely is this massively impacting the environment around this country, but worldwide and is besides jeopardizing one of the universe ‘s biggest piscaries in the East China Sea. ( Before and after at the dike site ) ( Before and after upstream of the dike site ) ( Three Gorges Dam – China )Impact on societyThe effects of nursery gas emanations from the reservoirs contribute to planetary clime alteration. The societal effects of planetary clime alteration are complex and instead bad. Extreme conditions events have been linked to planetary clime alteration which indicates that the effects of clime alteration will happen at a much broader graduated table. Hydroelectric workss contribute to greenhouse gases are little compared to other major beginnings such as fossil fuels and coal combustion workss. In 1996 Pearce estimated that COa‚‚ emanations from reservoirs entire to 7 % world-wide semisynthetic COa‚‚ emanations. Canada ‘s emanations entirely add up to 12 % of their ain nursery gas emanations over the following 50 old ages. This high sum will go even more of import when renewable beginnings deplenish.Methylmercury BioaccumulationMethymercury is an organic molecule produced mincingly by bacteriums from in organic quicksilver of course present in stuff flooded during the creative activity of a reservoir. The effects of this bacterial are found when worlds consume fish found in the reservoirs and 100km distance downstream. The bacterial is a neurolysin which affects human foetus ‘ because they are peculiarly sensitive to methymercury. The taint of the reservoir with methymercury can temporally last from 20-30 old ages or more. Alternate Form of Energy – Powering Houses With Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ( OTE ) OTE uses the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow Waterss to run a heat engine. As with any heat engine, the greatest efficiency and power is produced with the largest temperature difference. OTE can finally be used to power places precisely how hydroelectric workss do with a big lessening of environmental impact. OTE is a renewable energy that produces really small waste and can be made cost effectual on a big graduated table.How Does Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Work?The Earth ‘s oceans are heated through the Sun which creates a temperature difference which contains a huge sum of solar energy. OTC takes the hot surface H2O and uses it to boil another liquid like propane which has a really low boiling point, it so becomes a gas. The propane within the system is ne'er burned. The boiling propane so turns a turbine which generates the electricity which is carried to set down though an underwater overseas telegram dispersed through power lines in order t o power houses.A pipe is used to make the cold ocean H2O which is used to chill and distill the propane back to liquid signifier. This is similar to steam turbines. This method converts solar radiation to electricity which follows the jurisprudence of preservation of energy. Hawaii has been the premier location for the United States for proving OTE because of its warm surface H2O and entree to deep, cold H2O.Will Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Work?This alternate energy is still being perfected due to the challenge of efficiency. OTE has to travel a really big measure of H2O in order to bring forth electricity. The existent efficiency is around 2-3 % due to the demand to pump the H2O and the thermic loss. All designs have been made on a little graduated table and are largely experimental. One of which is in Hawaii, bring forthing 50 kW of electricity. The largest is in Japan and produces double the sum of Hawaii ‘ OTE. However, if a successful OTC is built, it is expected to bring forth 2 megawatts of electricity. Nevertheless, a full graduated table OTC would be a big sum of money and would be instead hard to construct until it can be made cost efficient.Advantages of Ocean Thermal Energy ConversionOTC is a dependable, clean and safe energy beginning which can be used to bring forth electricity in all conditions conditions. Fresh H2O production is merely one of the possible good byproducts of OTEC. The cold deep ocean H2O can be used for aqua-culture ( fish agriculture ) .Emissions towards nursery gases are about 4 % but OTC does non foul H2O around the system unlike dikes. Effectss can besides be minimized by dispatching the cold H2O at deepnesss greater than 50m.Benefits from OTC on YourselfOTC will extinguish the demand for coal and fossil fuel combustion workss which will assist forestall the full effects of planetary clime alteration. OTC can assist supply a cleaner Earth for coevalss due to its clean system with small pollutants. Switch overing t o this safer option will lend to a better tomorrow.Comparing Dams to OTCEfficiencyDue to OTC being still in the test phase, the efficiency is highly low compared to China ‘s extremely efficient dike. However, if OTC can be perfected in a big graduated table, the efficiency will increase and may go more efficient than the Three Gorges Dam. 94 % 3 %EmissionsComparing OTC nursery gas emanations versus the worldwide reservoirs, the reservoirs have significantly more emanations than OTC. OTC proves to be the cleaner and better beginning of energy.

Accident, Illness and Emergency Policy for Childminders Essay

The safety of children in my care is paramount and it is my policy to take necessary steps to keep children safe when they are in my care. I will promote good health, will prevent accidents and take steps to prevent the spread of illness and infection. I have a responsibility to all children in my care to ensure that a safe and healthy environment is provided at all times. I hold contact details of parents (or another appropriate person, such as grandparent) at all times, provided by parents and stored securely within the child’s records. I hold written permission from each of the children’s parents in the child’s record form files to enable me to seek emergency treatment for their child if it’s needed. As a registered childminder I am required to notify Ofsted of any serious accidents, illnesses or injuries of any child whilst in my care within 14 days of an incident occurring. I will ensure that my pets are safe to be around children and do not pose a health risk. ACCIDENT POLICY As a registered childminder, I am legally required to have a valid first aid certificate. This enables me to administer basic first aid treatment, and my first aid boxes are clearly labelled and easily accessible and are stored in the outside and inside play-room’s. Parents are asked to sign an accident book if injuries occur whilst in my care. Also if a child should come into my care with an injury of any kind, the parent will be asked to sign the book reporting the injury.  Parent/guardian will be contacted immediately. I will use my best judgement as to how other children will be looked after. You would be consulted about this by phone. There is a parent ring round provision in the event of an emergency to inform all parents of children under my care. If an accident or incident involving a child in my care may result in an insurance claim I will contact my public liability insurance provider to discuss my case and be allocated a claim number. This may involve discussing details of the child in my care with a third party. ACCIDENT PROCEDURE In the event of an accident whilst the child is in my care, I will: †¢ deal with any minor accidents. †¢ record all information, including names of witness(es), in the accident book. †¢ request parents, on picking up the child / children, to sign the accident book and read the information regarding the incident. †¢If I am unable to get hold of parents or other named appropriate adult, he/she will immediately be taken to see a doctor at Bishops Waltham Health Centre – or hospital if necessary and I will stay until parent arrives In the event of an accident in the home: †¢ Parents must inform me of any accident at home and record it in the accident at home area of the accident book. Further observation of injury on a child which has not been reported to me by the parent nor occurred whilst in my care, parents will be asked for information on the incident and instructed to write in the back of the accident book. In the event of me being subject to an accident: If I have an accident, I will get the nearest responsible adult to help, while my emergency back-up people are being contacted. I will do my best at all times to make sure the children in my care are safe, reassured and kept calm. ILLNESS POLICY I will do everything I can to take care of your child if they are feeling unwell by comforting them and giving them appropriate medicine you have approved and have signed a declaration permitting me to administer. If I am in need of support or advice regarding a serious illness or incident involving a child in my care I may contact National Childminding Association who will log information regarding the incident with regard to their safeguarding policy. A NCMA designated officer will be assigned to my case and all the information given to them will be kept confidentially unless their appear is to be a child protection issue which will be reported accordingly. ILLNESS PROCEDURE You must inform me if your child has been ill overnight or the previous day. I might have other children I am taking care of and need to ensure your child does not have an infectious illness. Medicines will be kept in a safe place and will be logged in the ‘medicine book’. However, if you child arrives ill, I will take a decision as to whether the child is fit to attend or not. If not, the parent will be asked to take the child home. If your child becomes ill whilst in my care, I will: 1.Contact you for agreement to administer ‘calpol’ (if appropriate and agreed) and if your child remains ill after one hour you will be asked to collect your child and make a doctors appointment. 2.You will be required to keep your child at home until they are recovered so that your child can be cared for on a one to one basis at home. 3.In the following circumstances children may be required to stay at home: Diarrhoea and/or vomiting, a rash, conjunctivitis. 4.If I am unable to get hold of parents or other named appropriate adult, he/she will immediately be taken to see a doctor at Bishops Waltham Health Centre – or hospital if necessary and I will stay until parent arrives Infectious illness: In the event of your child contracting chicken-pox, mumps, measles etc, or a fever or temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit, or 38 degrees centigrade or over your child will not be able to attend under my care and must remain at home. EMERGENCY POLICY Parent/guardian will be contacted immediately. In the event of an accident requiring hospital treatment, I will attempt to inform the parents immediately and take the child to hospital. I will stay with the child until the parents arrive. EMERGENCY PROCEDURE As a registered Child-Minder and trained paediatric first aider, I will ensure that the most appropriate treatment is given or acted upon for your child in my care; however if I have more than 1 child in my care, I will use my best judgement as to how other children will be cared for. Initial action will be reporting the incident to the parent by phone. We practice a parent ring round provision in the event of an emergency to inform all parents of children under my care. If parents do not arrive or I am unable to contact them, I will stay with the child until the appropriate treatment has been given and then return home where your child would be cared for until the arrival of the parent

Always Logistics Case Study Essay

Always Logistics is looking to perform a forensic accounting audit on their financial statements, in particular to accounting periods ended in the last five years. Mr. Jim Gallbally, has claimed authority to oversee the fraud concern over the Company’s profit-sharing incentive for its administrative-level employees via a whistleblower account, and this would require a study on their sales revenues data and their internal control systems. The intention of the assurance engagement is to supplement the fraud concern being raised by Mr.Gallbally to the senior management of the Company. Moreover, he intends to apply a ‘full force of the law’ to those staff who have ‘purposefully inflated revenue inflow for personal financial gain’, should the claims were to be founded. I am expecting your full interest with this engagement, and you may extend your intention to this engagement via the contact details that I will provide. I have attached the details of my initial discussion with the client and our conditions of acceptance prior to the undertaking of such engagement. Attachments: Details of the Interview conducted with Mr. Jim Gallbally, May 2010; Conditions of Acceptance for the Assurance Engagement, May 2010 Attachment 1: Details of the Interview conducted with Mr. Jim Gallbally, May 2010 †¢ A substantial annual performance bonus is paid to each divisional manager based on individual outputs as well as total company performance. †¢ There is a profit share scheme for all non award (administrative) level employees of Always. †¢ The Chairperson of Always is Margot Hellicar. †¢ A stock broking firm, Warm, Symes and Co is actively canvassing senior employees of Always to invest in the company by taking out loans which may be subject to margin calls. Some board members have been known to speak favourably of such loans. A healthy demand for Always stock has seen their share price outperform the market index for the past four years. †¢ Always is divided into divisions based on each state or territory. Depots are located in all states and the Northern Territory with Canberra depot part of the NSW operation. These depots have about 5-8 staff in each location being a senior manager, two financial or clerical staff with the rest being award level depot receipt and delivery staff. †¢ Head Office in Brisbane has 10 administrative staff and is where the CEO and CFO are located, along with the computer system and all the company financial records. †¢ The company has had some tight cash flow issues over the past few years but always manages to survive though the support of their bankers or through finding new delivery contracts, particularly in the Northern Territory and North West Queensland. Conditions of Acceptance 1. The report would consist of the assessment of the Company’s internal control systems, and the soundness of the financial statements and supplementary disclosures issued in the last five years, and will not be of opinion of the auditors. Should there be an opinion that will arise in the course of the report and analyses, a supplementary report will be issued in compliance of the auditing standards; 2. The report would consist of material factors to the actual bonuses amounts and managerial judgement with regard to the issuance of annual bonuses to its administrative-level employees; 3. The auditors will remain their professional independence with regard to the conduct of the audit, as in accordance to section 3. 5 of Professional Independence code of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215); 4. The report will be in compliance with the International Auditing Standards and Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215), and determine the accounting principles compliance in relation to the Australian Accounting Standards Board; 5. The auditors will maintain their professional competence and take due care in the performance of their work in accordance with Section 130 Professional Competence and due Care of the Code (3. 11) of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215); 6. The confidential information acquired or have deliberated during the course of the audit shall only be used in the professional performance of the audit done and therefore proper permission must be acquired in accordance to Section 140 of the Forensic Accounting Standards (APES 215). ENGAGEMENT LETTER To the Chairman of the Board Margot Hellicar (or the appropriate senior management or board of directors) of Always Logistics: As requested by several of your shareholders, notably Mr. Jim Gallbally, we will conduct an audit of Always Logistics’s financial records, in particular, your cash flows, sales revenue records and notes to the financial statements for the last five years then accounting year ended December 31. We would like to express our acceptance and have understood the terms of this engagement by the issuance of this letter. Our audit will be conducted with the intention of providing an objective perspective on the financial statements and the financial performance of your Company for the last five years from accounting period ended December 31, 2009, and the recent concerns pertaining to your profit-sharing incentive lauded by significant numbers of your shareholders. We will accept the engagement offered and conduct the requested audit in accordance to the following accounting and auditing standards: the International Auditing Standards, the Accounting Professional and Ethics Standards (APES), and the International Standards of Assurance Engagements. The following will be used as to outline the engagement to be undertaken, and that the audit is in conforme with auditing criteria that may or may not be contested in a legal proceeding. The following is also to properly address the allegations of your administrative divisions misconstruing financial numbers that may be material to possible misstatements on your sales revenues and your overall financial status for the last five years. The audit will include examining evidence to be acquired supporting the amounts and disclosures to the sales revenues, and also the data being used of your administrative divisions on a test basis, and assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. With regard to the possible limitations and the nature of the test that will be conducted in the duration of the engagement, there will be auditing risks that there will be misstatements that may be material enough will not be detected. This is due to the inherent limitations that has and is present of the accounting and internal control systems your company has adopted for your business operations. As such, we would like to express our intention to use audit reports from previous auditors, work of persons of interest, or your internal auditors, if there were any conducted prior to this engagement, for comparison purposes and to alleviate us in confounding such allegations lauded against the financial status of your Company. However, we would like to stress that because of the necessity that may arise to use previous audit reports or documents of a similar standing, the overall assessment will now be our responsibility, and will be subject to any repercussions, legal or otherwise, towards the result of the assessment. In addition to our auditing report for the purpose of this engagement, we expect to provide you with a separate letter or document on any material weaknesses in the accounting and internal control systems that your company has adopted that we have come to be of concern of in the duration and the completion of our audit. However, we would like to restate that as this is not the purposeful intention of the audit, this supplementary document may or may not be of use that may demonstrate the effectiveness of your current accounting and internal control systems, and that it would be your decision on whether to act upon our observations for the purpose of amending or ratifying your current accounting and internal control systems, with regard to the conclusion of the engagement. In compliance with the Forensic Accounting Standards, the working papers prepared in conjunction with our audit are the sole property of the auditing firm and constitute confidential information that is privy to the firm and to your Company. They will be retained by our auditing firm in accordance with our firm policies and procedures. However, we will grant release of the working papers via a request from a regulator or a person of authority in the context of the rule of law. The regulator may produce photocopies or replications of the report and may ultimately decide to distribute the copies or replications to other parties of interest, including government agencies. The responsibility for the preparation and adequate disclosure of the financial statements to be procured as requested is that of the management of Always Logistics, either by its financial or accounting department, the board of directors, or any outfit or department that represents the Company. This includes any maintenance of adequate accounting records and internal controls, the selection and justification of the accounting policies to be applied, the application of accounting policies, the safeguarding of assets of the company, and other supplementary or aggregate data that would further assist us in our audit. In line with this, we duly request a written confirmation from you, the board of directors or the senior management, regarding representations concerning the audit to be conducted in the matter of transparency and the rule of law. Should you intend to publish our comprehensive and conclusive audit report on your financial statements and administrative operations with regard to the allegations of sales revenues padding activities, we require you to produce a printers’ proof or masters’ copy for review or approval prior to the final print and distribution of the said report. We are looking forward to the company’s full cooperation from your staff and/or personnel who will be involved for the procedural completion of this engagement, and that we fully entrust the responsibility from your good company that all requested and mandatory documents, including its supplementary or aggregate papers, and systems access will be made available to us with regard to the conduct of the engagement. Our auditing fees, which will be classified as working progress or works in progress in your accounting journals and general ledger, will be based on the time that will be spent by our accountants assigned for the procedural completion of the engagement plus outright yet necessary expenses. We will use the Company’s staff at any possible time or event to assist us in the conduct of the schedules to be followed as per process regarding the audit and the analyses of the accounts and business units in question. We believe that this would alleviate us with the time requirements, the timely or rather immediate conclusion of the engagement, and the savings that will be generated and beneficial for you with regard to the audit fees. This document will be effective for the time being of the engagement unless the agreed party will be making changes, cancel the engagement, or if the said engagement will be interrupted by a rule of law. Kindly affix your signature and forward the attached copy of this document to signify your understanding and agreement of the engagement.

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and The Shawshank Redemption Essays

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and The Shawshank Redemption Essays One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and The Shawshank Redemption Paper One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and The Shawshank Redemption Paper Essay Topic: The Shawshank Redemption Contrasts in characterisation are employed throughout Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Darabont’s The Shawshank Redemption to explore key ideas, as well as fundamental themes of confinement, oppression, and sacrifice. Contrast in characterisation is plainly evident between the protagonists and antagonists of the respective texts, but perhaps more specifically in the contrast that occurs as each author develops their narrators; Kesey’s ‘Bromden’ and Darabont’s ‘Red’. Both narrators experience a profound transformation, which becomes clear when contrasting their characters at the beginning to that of the end of the two texts. Bromden’s mental illness is prominent within the first half of Kesey’s text, but towards the completion of the novel has transformed to a condition of psychological strength with a heightened appreciation for life. Both authors rely heavily on their protagonists in order to provide the inspiration for this change. Kesey makes use of imagery and symbolism, to explore the idea that individuality is a powerful motivator. Darabont utilises a similar catalyst for change as well as repetition; yet as a visual text, he also employs light and sound effects to explore the idea that a leader is a provider of hope. Red is unwittingly influenced by protagonist Andy Dufresne. Prior to Dufresne’s arrival, Red is presented as both cynical and dry, an institutionalised man unwilling to waste energy on hope; yet finds ‘salvation from within’ in the closing stages of The Shawshank Redemption. Kesey and Darabont use contrasts to explore core themes and ideologies, whilst invoking the audience’s sense of independence and faith. In both texts, the narrators embody changes that gradually augment the reader’s understanding of the resultant effects of oppression. Kesey’s narrator, Bromden, describes the oppression associated with ward life through the use of simile to depict its mechanical nature and lack of individuality. This absence of humanity is the philosophy of Nurse Ratched, a domineering antagonist intent on creating a pure and pallid world for the ‘treatment’ of her patients. ‘The Big Nurse tends to get real put out if something keeps her outfit from running like a smooth, accurate, precision-made machine†¦. ’ However, this routine of maintaining order is shattered upon protagonist, Randall McMurphy’s, committal to the ward. This arrival of individuality instantly brings a vibrant atmosphere to the whitewashed walls of Ratched’s ward. A similar change is evident in The Shawshank Redemption where Darabont utilises voiceovers to convey Red’s initial perception of protagonist, Andy Dufresne, ‘He had a quiet way about him, a walk and a talk that just wasnt normal around here’. The transformation in both Bromden’s and Red’s character is not immediately apparent. Weeks pass before ‘the fog’, symbolic of Bromden’s mental illness begins to clear; and similarly Red remains fearful for years about the likely damage of false hope. Darabont conveys Red’s aversion towards the notion of hope through the use of repetition, ‘Hope? Let me tell you something, my friend. Hope is a dangerous thing. Hope can drive a man insane. It’s got no use on the inside. You better get used to that idea’. Kesey and Darabont both ensure that there is a prolonged contrast in the characterisation of their central characters, allowing the audience to appreciate the subtle but increasing influence over time that the two protagonists have on the narrators. Darabont relies on the use of his narrator, Red, similar to Kesey’s use of Bromden; primarily to explore fundamental ideas and themes of confinement and sacrifice. The audience grapples with the cruel nature of confinement based on Red’s recounts of his and Dufresne’s experiences in Shawshank prison. Additionally, it is conceded by Darabont that Red’s blatant rejection of hope is indicative of Shawshank Prison’s institutionalising effect, ‘These walls are funny, first you hate them, then you start to get used to them. Eventually it gets so you rely on them. That’s institutionalised. ’ Dufresne unintentionally influences Red’s change in persona, which is quite unlike McMurphy’s extroverted behaviour in Kesey’s novel, ‘Nobody’s sure if this barrel-chested man with the scar and the wild grin is play-acting or if he’s crazy enough to be just like he talks†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Dufresne provides the inmates, but particularly Red, with hope through scenes where he sacrifices himself for the benefit of others; these include the roof tarring and phonograph incidents. Bright lighting is used as a focal element in order to demonstrate a contrasting, optimistic atmosphere; reflective of the changes occurring within Red. Likewise, McMurphy alters Bromden by demonstrating what true sacrifice is when he undergoes repeated Electro Shock Therapy sessions; allowing Kesey to explore imagery and symbolism associated with the biblical allusion, ‘wearing a crown of thorns’. Both authors present their respective premises successfully through the narrators’ contrast in characterisation, whilst presenting a common belief that freedom requires sacrifice. The pronounced transformation in the narrators is demonstrated through techniques unique to the respective texts, as well as the distinct use of contrasts. Melodic music creates a buoyant atmosphere in the closing scene of The Shawshank Redemption, with the culmination in contrast of Red’s character. The use of repetition is once again featured in order to demonstrate Dufresne’s effect on Red, specifically his newfound ability to hope, ‘I hope I can make it across the border. I hope to see my friend, and shake his hand. I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams. I hope’. Similarly, by the completion of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, Kesey makes it clear, through the use of a cliched simile, that McMurphy’s flair for instilling self worth has allowed Bromden to truly live again, and escape the daily drudgery of ward life, â€Å"I felt like I was flying. Free. Nobody bothers coming after an AWOL, I knew†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Contrasting Bromden’s character from beginning to the end of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest allows the audience to examine Kesey’s idea that individuality is a powerful motivator. Darabont’s ideology that a leader is a provider of hope is portrayed through repetition, sound effects, and the contrast in Red’s character. Kesey and Darabont both present their respective ideas through contrast in characterisation, yet in very different ways. This disparity is primarily due to the difference in text types; resulting in Kesey’s reliance on the literary techniques of imagery and symbolism, and Darabont’s deliberate use of light and sound. Though the narrators are of critical importance in portraying their own transformations, the protagonists instigate the change and consequently develop the author’s ideologies with equal significance. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and The Shawshank Redemption share a vast number of similarities in relation to their themes, whilst depicting divergent meaning due to the differing ideologies of the respective authors. Kesey’s and Darabont’s use of contrasts within the narrators supports the ideas present within the texts; allowing the audience to formulate their own beliefs about the importance of individuality and hope.

The Chemistry of Love

The Chemistry of Love According to Dr. Helen Fisher, a researcher at Rutgers University, chemistry and love are inextricable. Shes not speaking, though, of the chemistry that makes two people compatible. Instead, shes speaking of the chemicals that are released into our bodies as we experience lust, attraction, and attachment. Chemicals in Each Stage of Love We may think that were using our heads to govern our hearts, but in fact (at least to a degree) were simply responding to the chemicals that help us experience pleasure, excitement, and arousal. Dr. Fisher says there are three stages of love, and each is driven to a degree by a particular set of chemicals.  Ã‚  There is a lot of chemistry involved in feeling attachment, sweaty palms, butterflies in your stomach, etc. Take a look at some of the key biochemical players. Stage 1: Lust If youre feeling eager for a sexual encounter with someone (even if youre not quite sure who youll end up with), chances are youre reacting to the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen. Both of these hormones play an important role in increasing libido in both men and women. Testosterone and estrogen are generated as a result of messages from the hypothalamus of the brain. Testosterone is a very  potent aphrodisiac. Estrogen can make women more libidinous around the time they ovulate (when estrogen levels are at their peak). Stage 2: Attraction Lust is fun, but it may or may not lead to real romance. If you do make it to stage 2 in your relationship, though, chemicals become increasingly important. On the one hand, chemicals associated with attraction can make you feel dreamy. On the other hand, they can make you feel anxious or obsessive. People who are in this early phase of falling in love may even sleep less, or lose their appetite!   Phenylethylamine or PEA: This is a chemical that naturally occurs in the brain and is also found in some foods, such as chocolate. It is a stimulant, much like an amphetamine, that causes the release of norepinephrine and dopamine. This chemical is released when you are falling in love. Its responsible for the head-over-heels, elated part of love.Norepinephrine: When PEA causes this chemical to be released, you feel the effects in the form of sweaty palms and a pounding heart.Dopamine: Dopamine is a neurochemical that appears to be associated with mate selection. An Emory University study found that voles (a type of rodent) chose their mate based on dopamine release. When female voles were injected with dopamine in the presence of a male vole, they could select him from a group of voles later. Stage 3: Attachment Now that youre really committed to someone else, chemicals help you stay connected. Oxytocin: Dopamine triggers the release of oxytocin, which is sometimes called the cuddle hormone. In both genders, oxytocin is released during touching. In women, oxytocin is released during labor and breastfeeding.Serotonin: A chemical that is more prevalent among people with compulsive disorders, serotonin can increase our dependence on another person.Endorphins: Your brain acquires a tolerance to the love stimulants and starts to release endorphins. The honeymoon is over, chemically, around 18 months to 4 years into a relationship. However, this isnt all bad.  Endorphins are associated with feelings  of attachment and comfort. Endorphins are like opiates. They calm anxiety, relieve pain and reduce stress.

Loose Ethics in US Congress

Loose Ethics in US Congress Free Online Research Papers In today’s United States Congress the loose interpretation of the rules is a major problem. Since some of the guidelines have room for interpretation members have gone against the common practices in order to get the votes needed for legislation. In November 2003, a bill on prescription drug coverage for Medicare may be one of the best examples of this loose interpretation of the rules. It has been common practice since 1973 when electronic voting began to hold votes open for fifteen minutes, though votes have been left open for a few minutes after the norm to accommodate members who were delayed to the floor (Mann Ornstein, 2006). In November 2003 the vote was left open for two hours and fifty-two minutes. Members both republican and democrat where outraged. If this could be allowed all the normal practices of the house have been thrown out. The new way would consist of allowing votes to remain open in order for the majority to gain the votes needed to pass legislation. Also , during this vote, a member of Health and Human services was allowed on the floor to twist arms and lobby. This display violated a long standing tradition of the House, in which the floor is off limits to outsiders. The senate has also showed a decline in the normal procedures, the filibuster, which was normally used only in times in which it had been limited to matters of great national importance , has became common practice by the minority party . They use the filibuster in order to raise the bar to sixty votes instead of fifty when a filibuster threat was raised (Mann Ornstein, 2006). Instead of using the unlimited debate that is allowed in the Senate to power in bipartisanship and good for the general interest of the people, the rules have been bent to further party interest. The barrage of uncommon and loose rule bending practices threatens to taint the integrity of the United States Congress and the welfare of the United States citizens. The congress was set up in a way that would allow for our representatives to constructively make the right choices and changes for our country and if not follow in order to further party or personal gains. Due to the loosening of the rules it has caused a breakdown in the framework of our government. Research Papers on Loose Ethics in US CongressQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyCapital PunishmentThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesOpen Architechture a white paper

Free Essays on Euthyphro and Socrates

Socrates’ Opposition of Euthyphro’s First and Third Suggestion Euthyphro’s first and third suggestion on the form of piety poses a problem for Socrates. A form is something that distinguishes one thing from another; piousness just like anything else has a form. In Socrates’ debate with Euthyphro, he looks for the form of piety, something that can separate pious from impious actions. Socrates is a Natural Law Theorist, laws regarding what is and what is ought to be; he wants some feature of piety that will allow him to pick out pious acts, that is not shared by impious acts, and that makes the action in question pious. Euthyphro has difficulty defining what is pious and what is not because, as it becomes clear from the whole discussion with Socrates, he does not have a clear idea of what it is himself, although he claims to do so. In his first suggestion on the nature of piety, he presents the case of a certain group of individuals, particularly lawmen, to which he also belongs. For them, Euthyphro claims, it would be pious, or holy, to prosecute â€Å"wrongdoers or those guilty of any other offense†¦be they one’s father or mother or anyone else whatever† (Ethics 7-8). On the other hand, it would be impious, or unholy, to hold back because of reservations brought on by ties of relations or friendship. Socrates does not dispute Euthyphro’s duty to do so, but points out to the latter that his suggestion is no more than an example of a pious action, and not very clear one as well. Euthyphro’s example of what is pious does not give a basis for future interpretation of what piousness is. It deviates from the form of this term, and doesn’t explain how to distinguish it for the future. For example if someone asks you what is ice cream, and as a response you say it is some thing that is liked by many people, you are not defining ice cream. Many people like many things, for example many people like pizza. How ... Free Essays on Euthyphro and Socrates Free Essays on Euthyphro and Socrates Socrates’ Opposition of Euthyphro’s First and Third Suggestion Euthyphro’s first and third suggestion on the form of piety poses a problem for Socrates. A form is something that distinguishes one thing from another; piousness just like anything else has a form. In Socrates’ debate with Euthyphro, he looks for the form of piety, something that can separate pious from impious actions. Socrates is a Natural Law Theorist, laws regarding what is and what is ought to be; he wants some feature of piety that will allow him to pick out pious acts, that is not shared by impious acts, and that makes the action in question pious. Euthyphro has difficulty defining what is pious and what is not because, as it becomes clear from the whole discussion with Socrates, he does not have a clear idea of what it is himself, although he claims to do so. In his first suggestion on the nature of piety, he presents the case of a certain group of individuals, particularly lawmen, to which he also belongs. For them, Euthyphro claims, it would be pious, or holy, to prosecute â€Å"wrongdoers or those guilty of any other offense†¦be they one’s father or mother or anyone else whatever† (Ethics 7-8). On the other hand, it would be impious, or unholy, to hold back because of reservations brought on by ties of relations or friendship. Socrates does not dispute Euthyphro’s duty to do so, but points out to the latter that his suggestion is no more than an example of a pious action, and not very clear one as well. Euthyphro’s example of what is pious does not give a basis for future interpretation of what piousness is. It deviates from the form of this term, and doesn’t explain how to distinguish it for the future. For example if someone asks you what is ice cream, and as a response you say it is some thing that is liked by many people, you are not defining ice cream. Many people like many things, for example many people like pizza. How ...

Chemical Change Definition in Chemistry

Chemical Change Definition in Chemistry A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, is a process where one or more substances are altered into one or more new and different substances. In other words, a chemical change is a chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of atoms. While a physical change can often be reversed, a chemically change typically cannot be, except through more chemical reactions. When a chemical change occurs, there is also a change in the energy of the system. A chemical change that gives off heat is called an exothermic reaction. One that absorbs heat is called an endothermic reaction. Key Takeaways: Chemical Change A chemical change occurs when one substance is transformed into one or more new products via a chemical reaction.In a chemical change, the number and type of atoms remains constant, but their arrangement is altered.Most chemical changes are not reversible, except via another chemical reaction. Examples of Chemical Changes Any chemical reaction is an example of a chemical change. Examples include: Combining baking soda and vinegar (which bubbles off carbon dioxide gas)Combining any acid with any baseCooking an eggBurning a candleRusting ironAdding heat to hydrogen and oxygen (produces water)Digesting foodPouring peroxide on a wound In comparison, any change that does not form new products is a physical change rather than a chemical change. Examples include breaking a glass, cracking open an egg, and mixing sand and water. How to Recognize a Chemical Change Chemical changes may be identified by: Temperature Change - Because there is an energy change in a chemical reaction, there is often a measurable temperature change.Light - Some chemical reactions produce light.Bubbles - Some chemical changes produce gases, which can be seen as bubbles in a liquid solution.Precipitate Formation - Some chemical reactions produce solid particles that may remain suspended in a solution or fall out as a precipitate.Color Change - A color change is a good indicator that a chemical reaction has occurred. Reactions involving transition metals are particularly likely to produce colors.Odor Change - A reaction may release a volatile chemical that produces a characteristic scent.Irreversible - Chemical changes are often difficult or impossible to reverse.Change in Composition - When combustion occurs, for example, ash may be produced. When food rots, its appearance visible changes. Note a chemical change may occur without any of these indicators being observed. For example, the rusting of iron produces heat and a color change, but it takes a long time for the change to be evident, even though the process is ongoing. Types of Chemical Changes Chemists recognize three categories of chemical changes: inorganic chemical changes, organic chemical changes, and biochemical change. Inorganic chemical changes are chemical reactions that dont generally involve the element carbon. Examples of inorganic changes including mixing acids and bases, oxidation (including combustion), and redox reactions. Organic chemical changes are those the involve organic compounds (containing carbon and hydrogen). Examples include crude oil cracking, polymerization, methylation, and halogenation. Biochemical changes are organic chemical changes that occur in living organisms. These reactions are controlled by enzymes and hormones. Examples of biochemical changes include fermentation, the Krebs cycle, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and digestion.

How to Report Voting Rights Problems

How to Report Voting Rights Problems Due to the protections of four federal voting rights laws, cases of qualified voters being improperly denied their right to vote or register to vote are now rare. However, in every major election, some voters are still improperly turned away from the polling place, or encounter conditions that voting difficult or confusing. Some of these incidents are accidental, others are intentional, but all should be reported. What Should be Reported? Any action or condition you feel prevented or was intended to prevent you from voting. Just few examples include; polls opening late or closing early, running out of ballots or having your identity or voter registration status improperly challenged. Any action or condition you feel made it difficult for you to vote, including but not limited to; lack of handicapped accessibility and accommodation, lack of assistance for people with limited English ability, confusing ballots, lack of privacy while voting, generally unhelpful or unknowledgeable poll workers or officials. How to Report Voting Problems If you experience any problem or confusion while voting report the situation to one of the poll workers or election officials immediately. Do not wait until you have finished voting. If the election officials at the polling place are unable or unwilling to help you, the problem should be reported directly to the Civil Rights Division of the U.S. Department of Justice. There are no special forms to use or procedures to followjust call the Civil Rights Division toll-free at (800) 253-3931, or contact them by mail at: Chief, Voting SectionCivil Rights Division Room 7254 - NWBDepartment of Justice950 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.Washington, DC 20530 The Department of Justice also has the authority to station federal election observers and monitors in polling places considered to present a potential for discrimination or other voting rights violations. The jurisdiction of DOJ election observers is not limited to federal-level elections. They may be dispatched to monitor elections for any position, anywhere in the nation, from President of the United states to city dogcatcher. Any observed potential violations of the Voting Rights Act, or any other action determined by the observers to be an attempt to influence certain voters or to prevent them from voting will be reported to the DOJs Civil Rights Division for further corrective action. In the Nov. 2006 elections, the Department of Justice sent 850 Civil Rights Division election monitors to 69 jurisdictions in 22 states.

Starbucks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Starbucks - Case Study Example h explain to the public that prices charged in Starbucks’ restaurants in China are not the highest ones comparing to the prices charged in Moscow, Paris, and some other locations (English.cntv.cn, 2013). Taking into consideration this information it is possible to suggest that pricing issue of Starbucks coffee in China is not a result of discriminative approach of the company towards Chinese consumers but is a subject to various external factors (cost of rent, cost of coffee, etc.) and overall business strategy of the company. It is also necessary to compare Starbucks’ prices not among its international locations but prices charged for coffee and coffee products in the local market. How is Starbucks’s price for coffee different to the average price for coffee charged in the Chinese restaurant? It is worth to mention that Starbucks as a brand is positioning on the market itself as not just coffee-retailer but as a sophisticated place offering unique coffee experie nce to its visitors. People come to Starbucks not just for a cup of coffee but for this unique experience and comfortable relaxing atmosphere where visitor can socially interact with their friends, work, read, or surf the Internet via free Wi-Fi. Because of this positioning strategy Starbucks Corporation charges premium prices for its coffee products around the globe. This fact should be taken into consideration while debating the prices for Starbucks’ products in China and any other location. Moreover, the company is adapting to the needs of local consumers and adjusts its store’s design and layout based to cultural and social expectations. Snob can be defined as an individual who â€Å"blatantly imitates, fawningly admires, or vulgarly seeks association with those regarded as social superiors† (Snob 2012, n.p.). Another definition of the word is the following: â€Å"one who has an offensive air of superiority in matters of knowledge or taste† (Snob 2012, n.p.). Thus, applying this definition to

The Importance of Human Resource Management in the Management Dissertation

The Importance of Human Resource Management in the Management Strategic - Dissertation Example This essay stresses that HRM role is the provision of assistance in HRM issues to line employees, or those directly involved in producing the organization’s goods and services.† In order to achieve the goals of an organization the services of human resources should be acquired and their skills have to be developed by motivating them to achieve higher levels in their performance and assure their continuous services along with commitment to their jobs. This paper declares that HRM is â€Å"the strategic approach to managing employment relations which emphasizes that leveraging people’s capabilities is critical to achieving sustainable competitive advantage. This is achieved through a distinctive set of integrated employment policies, programs and practices.† HRM is the basic function of all management actions and it has developed from different chains of ideas. Thus HRM function can be divided into; body of management functions and approaches adopted in order to execute the different management activities. When the employees of an organization are used effectively the company stands to gain in meeting its objectives advantageously. Every employee has to be motivated and encouraged in order to get the best out of him/her. Training imparted by the organization to its skilled personnel or unskilled workers should be of high standards, so that management can get the best from each employee.

Infomation system management exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Infomation system management exam - Essay Example Overall, companies need to use data mining in order to enhance their customer relationship management (CRM) skills. Analysis needs to focus for the company, upon any problems that its customers may be having. This is one of the basic marketing rules of customer service in action. The present analysis therefore advocates the position that not only should these standards become lucrative trade-offs. â€Å"Current emphasis on customer relationship management makes the marketing function an ideal application area to greatly benefit from the use of data mining tools for decision support. A systematic methodology that uses data mining and knowledge management techniques is proposed to manage the marketing knowledge and support marketing decisions† (Data, 2010). Another solution is to use Customer Relationship Management to market more effectively and reach the client better. â€Å"When customer relationship management CRM) came on the health scene approximately six years ago, some viewed it with skepticism and primarily saw it as a way to refine rather than reinvent marketing. More progressive marketers adopted the CRM techniques of compiling all consumer and market data into a centralized database and used data mining to more narrowly define target audiences based on characteristics rather than general demographics† (Paddison, 2004). Yet another solution could focus more on the management of the company than the client, and highlight management having a working knowledge of marketing and being able to work with marketers and consultants in a proactive manner that reflects the abovementioned external dynamism of the IT market. Data mining is advocated by companies. In terms of environment that are narrowly defined by marketing parameters, the local market offers expanded opportunities that should be taken advantage of by the

New Topic Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New Topic - Personal Statement Example One of the challenges is creating communities with active facilitators and contributors. This can be resolved through forming a culture where learning communities are established. These communities allow people to take risks in developing and sharing their ideas. Another challenge is rewarding KM practices, and this can be done by embedding KM goals into performance management systems. The last component is making a unified knowledge network (Dalkir & Liebowitz, 2011, p.328). People and technology are needed to continue operating KM practices. Some of the main issues are continuity in tools, conflict management, and diversity management. They can be resolved through IT audits that accompany KM audits, and ensuring that there are suitable policies and processes that provide guidelines for conflict management and diversity management. It is important to set up a clear and practical KM system that legitimizes KM goals, directions, and strategies. The KM system must be supported by the management and constantly evaluated for further

Assessment Action Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assessment Action Plan - Assignment Example To ensure the success of the Software Upgradation Project, it is important to partner with the best consultants in the Industry that have successfully implemented projects pertaining to migration from old versions of Windows to Windows Vista and from old versions of Word to Word 2007. It is understood that any software will never be 100% complete from the perspective of the Business Requirement Specifications and also the Word 2007 Application will serve as the lifeline of the business post implementation the way the current versions of Word are critical to business. The selected consultant is expected to have a sound track record, an experienced implementation & customization team, and a sound Project Management methodology. In order to assess if the consultants have genuinely worked upon such migration projects in the past, the following shall be verified: The process of verification shall be called the "Desktop Review". Overall such documents and records would be requested for verifications only and then returned back after the convincing exercise is completed. These documents & records are their intellectual properties and hence shall not be retained. The objective is to carry out an in-depth convincing exercise. ... (d) Does the consultant possess adequate documents & records that can be showcased to verify the in-house R&D efforts to build internal expertise and competencies The process of verification shall be called the "Desktop Review". Overall such documents and records would be requested for verifications only and then returned back after the convincing exercise is completed. These documents & records are their intellectual properties and hence shall not be retained. The objective is to carry out an in-depth convincing exercise. In addition to verifying these documents about the consultants, we plan to speak to the customer references provided by the consultants using a questionnaire. The consultants are expected to present a clear plan on what requirements are already mapped with their current competencies/track record and how the rest would be fulfilled. It is important to clearly identify the areas where a feasibility of implementation doesn't exist. The project management team of the consultant is expected to have adequate experience in bringing to table these finer details to enable the internal project committee to verify the acceptance by going back to the business requirement specifications and analyze the impacts on business of the infeasibility of certain requirements which cannot be met by the consultants. Detailed Assessment Action Plan: Before a contract is awarded to the final selected consultant, a number of parameters pertaining to the consultant and their competencies shall be evaluated. It is hereby proposed that the Project Committee would list down all parameters that can influence the decision, assign a weighting to each

Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Political Ideologies - Essay Example Ideals such as ethnic diveristy, equal opportunity and accurate representation are great ideals but it cannot be imposed that will impede free speech which is inherent in the artistic expression of film making. Film making just like any art form, are not subjected to any absolute prescription of how it should be done but depends on the film maker’s interpretation of the universe and the artistic manner it is conveyed. ACE’s advocacy to impose ethic diversity, equal opportunity, and accurate representation of a movie is a casting decision with expressive element because such advocacy also entails the expression of a particular political persuasion. Such political persuasion (ethnic diversity, equal opportunity and accuracy of representation) will not take any material form if not explicitly expressed and thus the validity of such expressive element should be subjected to the O’Brien and Cohen tests. To pass the O’Brien test, ACE must satisfy all four regula tions which are; 1. The law must be within the constitutional power of government.   2. The law must further important or substantial government interest.   3. The interest must be unrelated to the suppressing expressions.   4. Any incidental limit on expression is no greater than necessary.  ... quality and diversity are one of many the bedrocks of this country.   Indeed the political persuasion or advocacy of ACE is important or substantial to government interest. ACE however did not meet the criteria in the third element of O’Brien test that stipulates that such expressive element must be unrelated to the suppressing expressions in the same manner that â€Å"the constitutional power of Congress to raise and support armies and to make all laws necessary and proper to that end is broad and sweeping† (UNITED STATES v. O'BRIEN, 1968) has no relation with the suppression of speech. In Ace’s case, it is DIRECTLY RELATED to suppressing another’s expression which is that of Donalds interpretation of rendering a particular movie. ACE, in pushing for its advocacy for equality, diversity and accurate representation of film albeit laudable, trampled on another right to free speech thus directly relates to suppression of another’s right to free spee ch. It follows that the exercise of ACE’s advocacy directly suppress another’s right to artistic expression and freedom of speech and places not only an incidental limit on expression that is not only greater than necessary but unnecessary in the first place because no attempt should be made to abridge artistic vision. Unlike in O’Brien case where the Supreme Court ruled that â€Å"we perceive no alternative means that would more precisely and narrowly assure the continuing availability of issued Selective Service certificates than a law which prohibits their wilful mutilation or destruction† (United States vs. O’Brien, 1968) ACE has other avenues where the advocacy of ethnic diversity and equality is appropriate. Thus, ACE may have passed the first two elements of the O’Brien test but grossly failed on the

Proof reading 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Proof reading 5 - Essay Example The sampling represents health workers in Saudi Arabia, while the instruments to measure leadership styles include organization culture and quality management practices. Data collected will be analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The research design is meant to guide the researcher on how to carry out the research and the methods used. Once the purpose of the research has been identified, the researcher knows why data has to be collected, and also what data to be collected and how it should be collected. This is necessary to develop the theoretical framework. While there are several methods or approaches to conduct a research, the qualitative and the quantitative methods are the two most common methods. A quantitative approach is primarily deductive and is best suited to prove or disprove a hypothesis, according to Cooper and Schindler (2003). This study proposes to use the quantitative approach because quantitative analysis is ideal for single-subject analysis. It has also been found to be more co-relational than the use of qualitative analysis. This study intends to incorporate different variables’ (leadership styles on practices of quality management) correlation in the proposed model, and hence a co-relational design that focuses on a mathematical based approach is ideal (Cooper & Schindler, 2003). Besides, quantitative approach can measure the relationship between variables systematically and statistically (Cassell & Symon, 1994, p.2). A cross-sectional survey design will be used to conduct this study (Fink, 2003) and the survey instrument will be a self-administered questionnaire, which is a commonly used method of data collection in survey research (Bourque & Fielder, 2003). The most commonly used instrument for data collection is the self-administered questionnaire (Schwab, 2005) which is

Introduction to mass communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Introduction to mass communication - Essay Example However with the passage of time, it exponentially increased to such proportions that now it is a very huge entity and one can be sure that its benefits will easily outweigh the disadvantages that are found within its auspices. Internet is a force that will change the face of this earth in the next decade or so and hence efforts are underway to extract the best possible mileage from the aegis of Internet. This paper discusses the basis of Internet as it has been playing an important role since the historic times. It has also touched upon the pertinent role within the time and age of today whilst keeping the pros and cons in due perspective. What the world of Internet has brought to the fore is the chance for the people to understand what lies within their vicinity and what they can expect from the technological manifestations, if only they are ready to get up and ask for a change. This change is the one that will be a positive one, and create a sense of success within their lives. The Internet is a huge force that is waiting to be unleashed. One can safely state that it has still not reached to a point where it can be remarked as the revealed one, yet much remains to be seen and explored within its midst. Internet is indeed a magical tool which has changed the lives of millions worldwide. There is just so much happening within its folds that man becomes much dumfounded whenever he finds out something totally new. The element of creativity and innovation seems to exist in a number of different ways and there is reason enough to justify this very logic. Internet is indeed a giant today than it used to be when it was laun ched in the yesteryears. Some 10 years back no one knew that Internet would develop into such a huge force, which could easily change the viewpoints of the people yet this has happened today, for the betterment of all and sundry. The digital age has had a number of positives since the Internet has brought

The Invention of Electricity Changed the Way People Live Their Lives Essay

The Invention of Electricity Changed the Way People Live Their Lives - Essay Example It was not until 1792 when a thunderstorm struck Benjamin Franklins home, and he decided to make an experiment by flying the kite through the thunderstorm with an attached iron key. The kite was struck by lightning, and electric current were sent down to Benjamin’s hand. He was  quite  lucky to survive, and he stated that electricity existed in the thunderstorm but the question was how to tap and utilise the electricity for the benefit of humanity. Before the invention of electricity, people had difficulties in performing the several task in life, there was too much utilization of man energy in different sectors. However, the invention of electricity changed the lives of human beings in thousand ways. It can be stated that electricity led to industrial revolution in which several products were being produced in large numbers. It led to a change in the entertainment sectors, food sector health sector and communication sector among others. It is imperative to note that the invention of electricity resulted in a significant improvements of how human beings live in the today’s world. Before the invention of electricity, the period was being described as the era of the dark ages because people relied only on sunlight to perform their daily activities and at night, they were unable to perform duties  because of the darkness. The invention of light electricity has led to the robust influence of how people carry out their lives in the current period. Thomas Edison who was an American inventor as well as a businessperson is thought to be the first person who invented light bulb that was using direct current electricity. The light bulb that was invented had a great influence on how people were carrying business all over the world. Moreover, it led to the inventions of other devices such as televisions and phonographs that were being used as the means of communication (Freeberg,

Art and Materiality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Art and Materiality - Essay Example However, some scholars and critiques of art settle on the 1970s as the cut-off period for the definition of the beginning of contemporary art. Contemporary art vividly integrates life because of its formalization of novel real life practices through artistry. It is widely admissible that contemporary artwork appreciates life practices by the conveyance of diverse notions that are inherent in most artworks. There are distinction between things and objects as applied in artworks but none of them solely dominates the materiality of art. Things are expressions of human relations to the world while objects express the extent of performance of the relationship expressed in an artwork. Objects, as used in art, best perform the role of an intermediary and a catalyst that communicate the assertion of the artist. In as much as different artist choose one of the two forms of materiality, objects or things, they may change from one to another. Art criticism is the comprehensive judgment of artwo rks based on diverse aspects. The vast dominance of a variety of art renders art criticism as one of the most interesting themes in exploring art and materiality. The criticism explores diverse facts about art including their qualitative judgments and determining whether artworks are objects or things. It allows the evaluation of art based on qualitative methods and an understanding of the quality of the artworks that determines the artists’ level of success. The diverse materiality aspects of visual arts addresses in art criticism include its conservation and the decorative value. The argument as to whether art is an expression that uses objects or things, however, may vary extensively. Artworks are a means of communicating ideas and thoughts of the artists. In some instances, it is to create social change and political transitions in another. Other artists, through their artworks, intend to explore the theme of social diversity among communities. Some artworks also inspire and empower historical issues through their cultural values. The role of the artwork dictates the consideration of art as an object or things. Cultural expressions, as a role of artwork would be achievable, best, by the use of objects that are representative of the culture depicted. Although the materiality of things can show value when used to express culture, artists prefer objects to things. In contemporary art, artists appreciate the existence of materiality as an important reason for their effort to explore nature and other aspects of life, in totality, through creativity. Contemporary art serves as the factor that combines human imagination to reality. The artworks of Jean Tinguely, a Swiss, attracted plausible interest in the 20th century. The exemplary manifestation of decline of modern industries and of species extinction of species remains an appreciation of things that exist in world as well as objects. The kinetic artwork that Tinguely displayed concentrated on the theme of destruction. He created artwork that displayed mechanical structures and dominated by objects that are part of human’s daily interactions. Most of his artworks experienced the predominating of the consequences of malfunctioning of objects. Chaos I is one of the most remarkable and historic arts by Tinguely. Damien Hirst’s shark forms one of the greatest artworks that attract massive numbers in most museums, to date. The controversial artwork by Hirst is unquestionably an impression of thoughts. This renders